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One of the simplest of fuels, this is wood chopped into chips. The key parameters for good wood chip fuel are chip size and moisture content. In some boilers, tree species and mineral content is also important as corrosive gases can be created during combustion. Wood chips are used in domestic and commercial boilers for generation of hot water and space heating.

Wood ChipThe key parameter that affects both how the chip burns and its energy output is the moisture content. A newly felled tree will typically have a 50% moisture content and will be more difficult to burn, with less energy output. Seasoning is usually employed to reduce the moisture content. This is the same process used for the preparation of logs for use as firewood. The lower the moisture content, the greater the energy value. There are a wide variety of wood chip boilers, which all require control over the wood chip specification. In simple terms, the less technologically advanced the boiler system, the less variation is permitted in the fuel. There are boilers that will permit a wide variation of both particle size and moisture content, but retain a high level of efficiency, allowing the fuel cost to be minimised but the initial capital investment is greater.

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